how to say “mother tongue” in Hebrew

שְׂפַת אֵם

Hebrew has two words for language, and both are named after parts of the mouth:
 
שָׂפָה listen and repeat – the common word, literally lip
לָשׁוֹן listen and repeat – the more poetic word, literally tongue, also referring to the study of language
 
Hebrew’s expression for native language or mother tongue uses the lip metaphor: שְׂפַת אֵם listen and repeat – literally, lip of mother.
 
For example:
 
מָה שְׂפַת הָאֵם שֶׁלְּךָ?
What is your mother tongue? (addressing a male)
 
The expression לְשׁוֹן אֵם  – literally, tongue of mother – exists as well, but it is rarely used.

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